Educational information, not a treatment plan. This overview is meant to help you understand the condition and prepare informed questions. Diagnosis and treatment decisions should always be made with a qualified healthcare professional. Find a specialist or read our medical disclaimer.
An autoimmune disease that attacks the moisture-producing glands, causing dry eyes, dry mouth, fatigue, and joint pain.
Overview
Sjögren's Syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the glands that produce moisture — primarily the tear and saliva glands. This causes the hallmark symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth, but Sjögren's can also cause fatigue, joint pain, and organ involvement. Sjögren's can occur on its own (primary Sjögren's) or alongside other autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis (secondary Sjögren's). It is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting an estimated 4 million people — mostly women. Because its symptoms overlap with many other conditions and are often dismissed as minor, Sjögren's is frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, with patients waiting years for answers.
Common Symptoms
Symptoms include: • Dry, gritty, or burning eyes • Dry mouth and difficulty swallowing or speaking • Swollen salivary glands • Profound fatigue • Joint pain and swelling • Dry skin and vaginal dryness • Brain fog and difficulty concentrating • Chronic cough Some patients also experience organ involvement (kidneys, lungs, nervous system).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves: • Medical history and symptom assessment • Blood tests (ANA, SSA/Ro, SSB/La antibodies) • Eye tests (Schirmer's test for tear production) • Salivary tests and lip biopsy (to assess salivary gland inflammation) • Ruling out other causes of dryness and fatigue Diagnosis can be challenging because symptoms are often dismissed or attributed to other causes.
Current Treatments
Treatment focuses on symptom management and preventing complications: • Artificial tears and eye lubricants • Saliva substitutes and medications that stimulate saliva (pilocarpine, cevimeline) • Immunosuppressants for systemic involvement • NSAIDs for joint pain • Managing fatigue through pacing and energy management • Regular dental care (dry mouth increases cavity risk) • Treatment of co-occurring conditions There is no cure, but symptoms can often be managed effectively.
Research Summary
Sjögren's research is growing, with studies exploring the immune mechanisms, genetic factors, and potential biologic treatments. More research is needed, as Sjögren's has historically been under-studied compared to other autoimmune diseases. Studies are also exploring the connection between Sjögren's and nervous system dysfunction.
Community Resources
Sjögren's can profoundly impact daily life, but its 'invisible' symptoms are often misunderstood by others. Connecting with fellow patients can provide validation, practical tips, and emotional support. Explore our Stories page and community resources.
References
This overview is based on published clinical literature on Sjögren's Syndrome. Content is reviewed regularly. This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice.